Citril Finch

Citril Finch
Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Carduelinae
Genus: Carduelis
Subgenus: (Carduelis)
Species: C. citrinella
Binomial name
Carduelis citrinella
(Pallas, 1764)[1]
Synonyms

Serinus citrinella
Fringilla citrinella

The Citril Finch (Carduelis citrinella) is a small songbird, a member of the true finch family Fringillidae. For a long time, this cardueline finch was placed in the genus Serinus, but it is apparently very closely related to the European Goldfinch (C. carduelis).[2]

This bird is a resident breeder in the mountains of southwestern Europe from Spain to the Alps. Its northernmost breeding area is found in the Black Forest of southwestern Germany. Individuals recorded further north are probably escaped from captivity, as most such records are from some time ago. For example, Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden specimen 582 is a first-year male shot supposedly in Saxony earlier than 1849; that museum's specimen 21956 was the skull of another Citril Finch presumably taken in Saxony 1915, but it was destroyed in World War II.[3]

Description and systematics

12 cm (not quite 5 in) long, the Citril Finch is greyish above, with a brown tinge to the back which also has black streaks. The underparts and the double wing bars are yellow. It shares with its relatives a bright face mask which in this species is also yellow.

Sexes are similar, although young females may be duller below, and juvenile birds – unlike in European Serinus species – are brown, lacking any yellow or green in the plumage.

The song is a silvery twittering resembling that of the European Goldfinch (C. carduelis) and that of the European Serin (Serinus serinus). The main call is a tee-ee quite similar to the Eurasian Siskin (C. spinus).

The Corsican Finch (C. corsicana) is regarded as a subspecies of the Citril Finch,[4] but it differs in morphology and vocalizations as well as mtDNA sequence, so it is also considered a distinct species by some authors.[5]

Ecology

The Citril Finch differs from the Corsican Finch C. corsicana in habitat selection. While the mainland Citril Finch is rather restricted to subalpine coniferous forests and alpine meadows, the insular Corsican Finch may be found in different habitats from sea level to the highest mountain slopes. The Citril Finch nests mainly in conifers such as pines (Pinus) and spruces (Picea) while the Corsican Finch uses also lower bushes such as Tree Heath (Erica arborea), juniper (Juniperus) and bramble (Rubus).[6]

Ranging more widely than its equally common eastern relative, the Citril Finch is classified as a Species of Least Concern by the IUCN.[7]

Footnotes

  1. ^ Clement, Harris & Davis (1993)
  2. ^ Arnaiz-Villena et al. (1998-99), van den Elzen & Khoury (1999)
  3. ^ Förschler & Kalko (2006b), Töpfer (2007)
  4. ^ Arnaiz-Villena A; Álvarez-Tejado M; Ruiz-del-Valle V; García-de-la-Torre C; Varela P; Recio MJ; Ferre S & Martínez-Laso J. (1998-99): Phylogeny and rapid Northern and Southern Hemisphere speciation of goldfinches during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 54: 1031–1041 doi:10.1007/s000180050230 PMID 9791543 PDF fulltext
  5. ^ Pasquet & Thibault (1997), Sangster (2000), Sangster et al. (2002), Förschler & Kalko (2007), Förschler et al. (2009)
  6. ^ Förschler & Kalko (2006a), Förschler et al. (2006a,b)
  7. ^ BLI (2008)

References

Further reading

External links